J Physiol 556(Pt 1):267–282ĭ’Avella A, Portone A, Fernandez L, Lacquaniti F (2006) Control of fast-reaching movements by muscle synergy combinations. Mean explained variance, indicated by the black circles, as averaged across participants, for the reconstruction of data from one end-effector using the set of muscle synergies extracted from the same or another end-effector. Muscle synergy analysis may represent a new framework to examine the pathophysiological basis of specific motor symptoms in Parkinsons disease (PD), including balance and gait disorders that are. ![]() Ivanenko YP, Poppele RE, Lacquaniti F (2004) Five basic muscle activation patterns account for muscle activity during human locomotion. Explained variance of myosignals from the different end-effectors with the various total muscle synergy sets. ![]() NNMF was used to calculate synergies ( Lee and Seung, 1999 Tresch et al. Krishnamoorthy V, Goodman S, Zatsiorsky V, Latash ML (2003) Muscle synergies during shifts of the center of pressure by standing persons: identification of muscle modes. The activations for each muscle were normalized to unit-variance to ensure that the synergies were not biased toward high-variance muscles (Roh et al., 2012). Torres-Oviedo G, Macpherson JM, Ting LH (2006) Muscle synergy organization is robust across a variety of postural perturbations. Hart CB, Giszter SF (2004) Modular premotor drives and unit bursts as primitives for frog motor behaviors. Tresch MC, Saltiel P, Bizzi E (1999) The construction of movement by the spinal cord. Cereb Cortex 17(4):803–815ĭ’Avella A, Saltiel P, Bizzi E (2003) Combinations of muscle synergies in the construction of a natural motor behavior. ![]() Klein Breteler MD, Simura KJ, Flanders M (2007) Timing of muscle activation in a hand movement sequence. We then altered the 26 muscle-force mapping via hard and easy virtual surgeries. Tresch MC, Cheung VC, d’Avella A (2006) Matrix factorization algorithms for the identification of muscle synergies: evaluation on simulated and experimental data sets. 25 to five synergies were extracted to account for 90 of the variance explained.
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